Asia Daily: May 1, 2024
News
More Americans view China as enemy, new Pew survey shows. A recent survey conducted by the Pew Research Center reveals a significant shift in American perceptions of China, with an increasing number of U.S. citizens now viewing China as an enemy rather than merely a competitor. This change underscores growing concerns among Americans about China's global influence, particularly regarding economic policies and human rights issues. The survey indicates a broader trend of deteriorating relations between the two countries, influenced by ongoing disputes over trade, technology, and geopolitical tensions. Robert Delaney, South China Morning Post, May 1
PH ships remain in Scarborough Shoal area despite water cannon blast. Philippine ships have maintained their presence in the Scarborough Shoal area, despite recent aggressive actions by Chinese vessels involving water cannon blasts. This standoff highlights ongoing territorial disputes in the South China Sea, where multiple countries claim sovereignty over various parts. The Philippine government's decision to keep its ships in the area underscores its commitment to defending its maritime claims, despite the challenges posed by China's assertive maneuvers. Franco Jose C. Baroña, The Manila Times, May 1
South Korea considers joining alliance for sharing military technology with Australia, US and UK. South Korea is exploring the possibility of joining the AUKUS partnership to share advanced military technology with the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, according to South Korean Defense Minister Shin Won-sik. Discussions took place during a recent meeting with Australian defense and foreign ministers in Melbourne, focusing on expanding cooperation beyond nuclear-powered submarines to include areas like artificial intelligence, electronic warfare, and hypersonic systems under AUKUS Pillar 2. Rod McGuirk, AP News, May 1
Japan, France to agree to start negotiations on new security pact. Japan and France are set to initiate negotiations on a new security agreement aimed at enhancing military cooperation and addressing shared security challenges. This decision reflects the deepening strategic ties between the two nations in a rapidly evolving global security environment. The pact is expected to focus on joint exercises, military technology, and logistical support, further solidifying the commitment of both countries to regional stability and security. Kyodo News, May 1
N. Korea becoming 'more confident' due to its ties with Russia: Pentagon chief. U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin has expressed concerns over North Korea's growing confidence and military cooperation with Russia, highlighting a "growing nexus" that also involves China and Iran. During a House Armed Services Committee hearing on the 2025 defense budget, Austin discussed the implications of this deepening cooperation and its potential threats to regional stability. He emphasized the importance of enhancing U.S. capabilities and working closely with allies like South Korea and Japan to deter aggression and maintain peace. Song Sang-ho, Yonhap News Agency, May 1
China halves rice-growing cycle in deserts of Xinjiang, opening new front in food security drive. China has achieved a significant breakthrough by halving the rice-growing cycle in the deserts of Xinjiang, which now allows cultivation in just two months. This advancement is part of a broader initiative to enhance food security and adapt agricultural practices to challenging environments. By turning arid lands into productive fields, China aims to lessen its reliance on traditional rice-growing regions susceptible to the impacts of climate change. Mandy Zuo, South China Morning Post, May 1
Kazakhstan says it's ready to host Azerbaijan-Armenia talks; no date announced. Kazakhstan has expressed its willingness to host peace talks between Azerbaijan and Armenia, though a specific date for these negotiations has not yet been set. Kazakhstan's proactive approach aims to facilitate constructive dialogue and potentially contribute to a resolution in a region marked by long-standing disputes and recent escalations. The Times of Central Asia, May 1
Thai King approves ex-diplomat Maris as foreign minister. Thailand’s King has officially approved the appointment of Maris Sangiampongsa as the new foreign minister, according to the Royal Gazette. Maris, a retired diplomat with prior roles as the Thai ambassador to Australia and Canada, steps into this crucial position at a pivotal time as Thailand intensifies its diplomatic efforts to address the escalating conflict in Myanmar. Maris's appointment follows the unexpected resignation of his predecessor amidst a cabinet reshuffle. Chayut Setboonsarng, Panarat Thepgumpanat, and Panu Wongchau-um, Reuters, May 1.
Viet Nam fulfils chairmanship of Asia-Pacific Group at UN for April: Ambassador. Vietnam has successfully completed its role as the chair of the Asia-Pacific Group at the United Nations for April, according to the country's ambassador. This chairmanship involved coordinating the group’s activities and discussions, focusing on regional issues and global challenges. Vietnam's leadership during this period was aimed at enhancing collaboration and fostering dialogue among member countries to address collective concerns effectively. Vietnam News, May 1
Uzbekistan raises its poverty line due to increases in gas, electricity prices. Uzbekistan has adjusted its poverty line upwards in response to rising gas and electricity prices, acknowledging the impact of these increases on living standards. This adjustment aims to more accurately reflect the economic realities faced by its citizens and ensure that social assistance programs are appropriately targeted. The rise in utility costs has put additional financial strain on many households, prompting the government to reevaluate measures for economic support and poverty alleviation. The Times of Central Asia, May 1
PM draws attention to the importance of Labour Arbitration Council as economy grows. As Cambodia's economy continues to expand, Prime Minister Hun Sen has underscored the critical role of the Labour Arbitration Council in maintaining industrial harmony. By effectively resolving labor disputes, the council is instrumental in safeguarding workers' rights and fostering a conducive environment for foreign investment. Niem Chheng, The Phnom Penh Post, May 1
Chinese influence lingers in Solomons despite Sogavare ouster. Despite the recent ouster of Solomon Islands Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare, Chinese influence remains pervasive in the region. Sogavare's tenure saw significant deepening of ties with China, marked by controversial decisions such as the switch of diplomatic recognition from Taiwan to Beijing. This influence is evident in various infrastructure projects and financial agreements that continue to shape the political and economic landscape of the Solomon Islands. PINA, May 1.
Long Form
How the US can set standards on international deep-sea mineral mining. The United States is lagging behind in securing critical minerals from the deep sea, a realm where international competitors, notably China, are advancing rapidly. The urgency for the US to engage in deep-sea mineral mining has increased due to global resource nationalism and restrictions imposed by other nations. The International Seabed Authority (ISA), with its consensus-driven governance including 168 countries plus the European Union, contrasts starkly with China's dominant land-based mineral control. Despite not having voting rights in the ISA, the US can leverage its allies' positions to influence regulations and promote sustainable mining practices. With critical minerals crucial for modern technology and defense, the US faces an imperative to participate actively in setting standards for deep-sea mining to ensure a balanced exploitation of these resources while adhering to environmental and labor standards. James Borton and David Hessen, South China Morning Post, May 1
KMT navigates between US, China. The Kuomintang (KMT) continues to manage its diplomatic position between the US and China, addressing longstanding and complex geopolitical tensions. Despite facing criticism for potentially echoing Chinese interests, the KMT maintains that it promotes the sovereignty and independence of the Republic of China (ROC), advocating for a future determined by the Taiwanese people under their democratic constitution. KMT leaders engage with both Western and Chinese counterparts to uphold Taiwan's security and diplomatic interests. By advocating for balanced and peaceful cross-strait relations, the KMT aims to preserve the status quo and ensure Taiwan's stability amidst the challenging dynamics of US-China relations. Howard Shen, Taipei Times, May 1
Myanmar’s Revolution Has Entered a New, More Complicated Phase. The ongoing revolution in Myanmar is progressing into a more complex stage. As the military junta experiences increasing setbacks, the resistance, composed of Myanmar's shadow government and various ethnic armed organizations, faces intensified challenges related to unity and operational coordination. The struggle includes significant battles, particularly for a strategic town on the Thai border crucial for both trade and morale. This phase of the revolution underscores the complexities of managing diverse coalition forces against a backdrop of sustained military governance. Tommy Walker, The Diplomat, May 1
Indonesia Mulling Dual Citizenship In a Bid to Reverse Brain Drain. Indonesia is actively considering the introduction of dual citizenship as a strategy to counteract the brain drain affecting its workforce, with many skilled Indonesians moving abroad, especially to Singapore. This policy, aimed at attracting Indonesian expatriates and their descendants back to the country, is spearheaded by Luhut Panjaitan, the Coordinating Minister of Maritime Affairs and Investment. The government’s plan focuses on offering dual citizenship to former Indonesian citizens living overseas, reflecting a broader effort to enhance Indonesia's appeal as a destination for global Indonesian talent. Sebastian Strangio, The Diplomat, May 1
Washington Is Missing the Point on Alternatives to the Belt and Road Initiative. Washington's response to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) reveals a significant oversight in U.S. strategy, focusing on competition rather than potential synergies. U.S. critiques often revolve around a zero-sum view, alleging that BRI grants China undue geopolitical leverage. This perspective underpins the U.S. promotion of alternatives like the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) and the Lobito Corridor, portraying them as counters to China’s influence. However, these initiatives are likely to utilize existing BRI infrastructure, suggesting that they could be complementary rather than purely competitive. This nuanced understanding is crucial for framing effective U.S. policies in the region. Zenel Garcia and Alex Marino, The Diplomat, April 30
How China's ad-hoc tech pipeline fuels Russia's Ukraine war efforts. Amid Western sanctions blocking its access to key technology, Russia has turned to civilian technology sourced from Chinese e-commerce platforms, repurposing these electronics for military use in Ukraine. This indirect support mechanism has evolved as Western tech giants like Amazon and Apple withdrew from the Russian market post-invasion. This shift shows a broader narrative of how civilian technology can be adapted for conflict settings, demonstrating the complexity of global tech supply chains and the unintended consequences of international sanctions. Tracy Wen Liu and Peter Guest, Nikkei Asia, May 1
Thaksin in no position to reclaim reform banner from Move Forward. Thaksin Shinawatra's political maneuvers to position Pheu Thai as a reformist force in Thai politics face significant challenges, particularly from the Move Forward Party. Despite Thaksin's assertions that Pheu Thai remains committed to progressive change, the party's alignment with conservative forces and the military has led many to view it as having abandoned its reformist ideals. The strategic alliance with traditional conservative parties, which contradicts the party's historical opposition to "old power," suggests a pragmatic shift towards conservatism aimed at retaining power rather than ideological consistency. This has disillusioned many former supporters and has positioned Move Forward as the new standard-bearer for genuine reform in Thailand, especially among younger voters. Suthichai Yoon, Nikkei Asia, May 1
China’s continuing influence over Cambodia’s economy. China's extensive involvement in Cambodia through the Belt and Road Initiative has shaped Cambodia's economic landscape, fostering deep integration into global supply chains. This partnership has resulted in major infrastructure developments like the Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone and new international airports, boosting Cambodia's connectivity and economic ties globally. Despite these benefits, the relationship also raises concerns about over-reliance on Chinese investment, which might limit Cambodia's economic sovereignty. The Cambodian government recognizes the need for diversified investment sources and better debt management to ensure long-term economic security and resilience. As Cambodia continues to develop, strategic diversification and enhanced governance will be crucial to balancing its economic and strategic interests with China. Mom Mit, East Asia Forum, May 1
Are Sri Lanka’s Anti-Drug Crime Operations Working? Sri Lanka's anti-drug initiative, named "Yukthiya" (justice), has been executed as a government effort to curb drug-related crime and bolster public support in light of the upcoming 2024 presidential election. Launched on December 17, 2023, the operation has led to over 58,000 raids, resulting in 58,234 arrests and substantial drug seizures valued at approximately $25 million. Public Security Minister Tiran Alles has reported a 17 percent reduction in overall crime rates since the operation's commencement. However, the operation's intense approach and high arrest rates raise questions about its long-term effectiveness and impact on civil liberties, reflecting deep-seated challenges within Sri Lanka's approach to law enforcement and public safety. Rathindra Kuruwita, The Diplomat, May 1