Asia Daily: March 17, 2025
China
China looks to boost consumption amid consumer squeeze. China's State Council announced a "special action plan" to increase domestic consumption, focusing on raising incomes and introducing childcare subsidies. The plan comes amid weak consumer demand driven by COVID-19 disruptions and a prolonged property slump. Officials aim to reduce reliance on exports and investment, stabilize the stock market, and encourage paid vacation leave. However, the plan lacks specific funding commitments for local governments. Farah Master, Reuters, March 16
Beijing hits out at ‘arrogant and malicious’ G7 criticisms over South China Sea and Taiwan. China condemned the Group of Seven’s latest statement, accusing it of “arrogance, prejudice, and malice” over maritime security concerns. The G7 criticized Beijing’s “provocative” actions in the Taiwan Strait and South China Sea, while also voicing concerns over China’s military expansion and trade practices. China’s embassy in Canada rejected the claims, urging the G7 to “abandon Cold War mentality” and stop interfering in its internal affairs. Orange Wang, South China Morning Post, March 15
Japan
Japan eyes deploying long-range missiles on Kyushu island. Japan is considering stationing long-range missiles on Kyushu as part of its strategy to develop counterstrike capabilities. The planned deployment, set for March 2026, aims to bolster defenses in the Nansei island chain amid concerns over a potential Chinese invasion of Taiwan. Authorities are assessing sites in Oita and Kumamoto prefectures, with Okinawa likely excluded to avoid escalating tensions with Beijing. The missiles will have a 1,000-kilometer range, covering parts of China and North Korea. Kyodo News, March 16
Past prime ministers customarily gave gift certificates, lawmaker says. Liberal Democratic Party lawmaker Shoji Maitachi defended Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba’s ¥100,000 gift certificates to newly elected Lower House lawmakers, claiming it was a long-standing custom. Opposition leaders argue the practice violates political funding laws and called for Ishiba to testify before a parliamentary ethics panel. Maitachi acknowledged public criticism, particularly amid rising living costs, and apologized on behalf of the ruling party. The Japan Times, March 16
South Korea
Approval rating for main opposition party rises to 44.3% ahead of Yoon’s impeachment ruling. Support for South Korea’s Democratic Party (DP) increased to 44.3%, surpassing the ruling People Power Party’s 39%, according to a Realmeter poll. The survey, conducted among 1,510 adults, found that 55.5% of respondents favored a DP-led administration, while 40% supported the current conservative government. If President Yoon Suk Yeol’s impeachment is upheld, South Korea will hold a snap presidential election within 60 days. Yi Wonju, Yonhap News Agency, March 17
Ruling party says it will accept impending Constitutional Court ruling on Yoon’s impeachment. The People Power Party (PPP) pledged to abide by the Constitutional Court’s upcoming decision on President Yoon Suk Yeol’s impeachment trial. Floor Leader Kweon Seong-dong reaffirmed the party’s stance, stating that constitutional rulings are binding. Opposition Democratic Party leader Park Chan-dae questioned whether the PPP would uphold its commitment. Tens of thousands gathered in Seoul to protest both for and against Yoon’s removal. Yi Wonju, Yonhap News Agency, March 16
North Korea
N. Korea's top diplomat meets Russia's vice foreign minister in Pyongyang. North Korean Foreign Minister Choe Son-hui held talks with Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Andrey Rudenko in Pyongyang, focusing on their strategic partnership and mutual defense commitments. The meeting comes amid reports that North Korea has dispatched over 10,000 troops to Russia’s western front in support of its war efforts. Discussions may have included a U.S.-proposed 30-day ceasefire in Ukraine. Chae Yun-hwan, Yonhap News Agency, March 16
N. Korea slams G7 ministers’ call for Pyongyang to abandon nuclear arms. North Korea denounced the Group of Seven (G7) foreign ministers’ statement urging it to dismantle its nuclear weapons, calling the demand an infringement on its sovereignty. Pyongyang’s foreign ministry accused the G7 of "nuclear hegemony" and vowed to continue strengthening its nuclear arsenal. North Korea also dismissed international recognition of its nuclear status as irrelevant, stating its constitutional right to nuclear arms is non-negotiable. Kim Soo-yeon, Yonhap News Agency, March 17
Vietnam
Meeting of Vietnamese minister, U.S. trade representative achieves positive results: ambassador. Vietnamese Minister of Industry and Trade Nguyễn Hồng Diên and U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson L. Greer held talks in Washington, D.C., to strengthen bilateral trade ties. Both sides discussed balancing trade, removing barriers, and recognizing Vietnam’s market economy status. Greer praised Vietnam’s commitment to open markets and combat trade fraud, while both nations agreed to regular consultations for sustainable trade relations. Vietnam News, March 15
Defence industry should become a spearhead of national industry: PM. Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chính urged the Ministry of National Defence to develop Vietnam’s defence industry into a leading sector, emphasizing self-reliance and dual-use technologies. He highlighted recent breakthroughs in high-tech military production and called for stronger collaboration among ministries to align defence growth with national priorities. The government plans to accelerate innovation, workforce training, and policy reforms to modernize the sector by 2030 and beyond. Vietnam News, March 15
Myanmar
An airstrike in Myanmar kills nearly 30 people, an opposition group says. A Myanmar military airstrike on Let Pan Hla village in Singu township killed at least 27 civilians, including six children, and injured 30 others, according to the Mandalay People’s Defense Force (MDY-PDF). The attack targeted a crowded market area controlled by resistance forces. Independent media reported the death toll had reached 30, with seven critically injured. The military has not commented. AP News, March 15
Exclusive: Myanmar junta invites Russia to extract gems, minerals in active conflict areas. During a visit to Moscow, Myanmar junta chief Min Aung Hlaing offered Russian investors exclusive mining privileges in conflict zones, including Mandalay, Sagaing, Kachin, and Shan. The proposal, made at the Russia-Myanmar Economic Forum, was backed by junta-aligned business leaders. Russian companies were encouraged to invest despite ongoing clashes between the military and resistance groups. Myanmar Now, March 14
Laos
Secretary General lauds Party’s strong growth as membership exceeds 400,000. Lao People’s Revolutionary Party Secretary General Thongloun Sisoulith praised the Party’s Personnel and Organisational Committee for its role in expanding Party membership to 415,784 cadres over 70 years. Speaking at the Committee’s 70th anniversary event, he emphasized its contributions to Laos’ independence, governance, and cadre training. The Party awarded the Committee a National Golden Medal for its service. Vientiane Times, March 17
Chinese vice premier calls for greater cooperation with Laos on AI, digital economy. Chinese Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang met with Lao Foreign Minister Thongsavanh Phomvihane in Beijing, urging deeper collaboration in artificial intelligence and digital sectors. Ding emphasized aligning development strategies and enhancing the China-Laos Economic Corridor and Railway. Thongsavanh reaffirmed Laos’ support for China’s core interests and pledged to strengthen bilateral ties. Xinhua, March 14
Philippines
Chief justice cancels trip to the Netherlands. Chief Justice Alexander Gesmundo canceled his scheduled trip to The Hague, where he was set to sign a terms of reference agreement with The Hague Academy of International Law. The Supreme Court had designated Senior Associate Justice Marvic Leonen as acting chief justice in anticipation of Gesmundo’s departure. Meanwhile, the court denied a temporary restraining order sought by former President Rodrigo Duterte and Sen. Ronald dela Rosa against their arrest by the International Criminal Court. Jane Bautista, Philippine Daily Inquirer, March 17
PH gov’t consulted on Duterte’s arrest. Documents from the International Criminal Court (ICC) revealed that Philippine authorities were consulted before the arrest of former President Rodrigo Duterte, contradicting government claims of having no prior knowledge. The ICC Diffusion request for Duterte’s arrest was transmitted before any public announcement, with Philippine officials agreeing to comply. Legal analysts argue that misleading denials undermine the government’s credibility. The Philippine National Police confirmed readiness to assist in further arrests. Franco Jose C. Baroña and Francisco Tuyay, The Manila Times, March 17
Indonesia
Indonesia works with Uzbekistan to accelerate gender equality. Indonesia and Uzbekistan have agreed to strengthen collaboration on gender equality following a bilateral meeting between Indonesian Women’s Empowerment Minister Arifah Fauzi and Uzbekistan’s Senate First Deputy Chairman Sodiq Safoyev at the 69th Commission on the Status of Women in New York. Discussions focused on increasing women's political participation and gender-based policy reforms. Fauzi praised Uzbekistan’s progress, with 34.6% female parliamentary representation, surpassing its 30% quota. Anita Permata Dewi and Resinta Sulistiyandari, Antara News, March 16
Three councilors, four government officials interrogated at KPK following South Sumatra raids. Indonesia’s Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) questioned eight individuals, including three local legislators and four public works officials, after bribery-related raids in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. Authorities seized Rp 2.6 billion ($158,516) in cash, though formal corruption charges have not been announced. The arrested officials reportedly belong to the People’s Conscience Party (Hanura), the United Development Party (PPP), and the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P). Jakarta Globe, March 17
Malaysia
At DAP congress, Anwar backs 10-year PM limit, says ‘22 years, rosak negara.’ Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim endorsed a 10-year term limit for Malaysian prime ministers, citing concerns over prolonged rule. Speaking at the DAP’s 18th national congress, he stated that constitutional amendments require two-thirds parliamentary support and pledged to push for consensus. Anwar also reaffirmed his administration’s commitment to democratic reforms while cautioning against rushed changes that could trigger political instability. Ida Lim, Malay Mail, March 16
Taiwan
Mainland China’s PLA ‘ready to fight’ for Taiwan at any time, commander warns. People’s Liberation Army Eastern Theatre Command leader Lin Xiangyang declared that Chinese forces are prepared for military action against Taiwan at any moment. Speaking at a symposium marking the 20th anniversary of the Anti-Secession Law, Lin warned that the PLA would take “all necessary measures” to deter separatists and foreign interference. His remarks come amid rising cross-strait tensions following President William Lai’s recent security proposals. Yuanyue Dang, South China Morning Post, March 16
DPP launches public sessions on budget cuts. The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) has begun nationwide policy briefings to rally support against budget cuts imposed by opposition parties. Premier Cho Jung-tai, alongside Cabinet members, argued that the reductions weaken national security and development efforts. The Kuomintang (KMT) defended the cuts as necessary fiscal discipline, while the DPP countered that they harm public interests. Both parties plan further sessions to sway public opinion. Tsai Shu-yua, Shih Hsiao-kuang, and Jake Chung, Taipei Times, March 16
Kazakhstan
Kazakh MP calls for restrictions on children’s access to TikTok. Kazakh lawmaker Murat Abenov has urged the government to regulate children’s use of TikTok, citing concerns over mental health impacts such as depression, reduced concentration, and memory issues. He pointed to studies showing the platform’s algorithm promotes emotionally stimulating content, potentially harming young users. Abenov referenced similar restrictions in the U.S. and Europe and called for parental oversight. TikTok has since expanded child protection measures. Vagit Ismailov, The Times of Central Asia, March 14
Asia
Regional green trade bloc to fight both climate change and protectionism. The resurgence of protectionism, exemplified by U.S. President Donald Trump's increased tariffs on imports from Canada, China, and Mexico, poses challenges to global trade and efforts to combat climate change. In response, the concept of a green trade arrangement within the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) has been proposed. This aims to reduce tariffs and non-tariff barriers on selected green goods and services, thereby lowering costs, boosting green industries, and facilitating the adoption of low-carbon technologies. Implementing such an arrangement within RCEP—a bloc comprising 15 countries and accounting for 30% of global economic activity—could accelerate decarbonization and economic growth. Key steps include designing a list of green goods and services for tariff reductions, demonstrating economic benefits to all member states, and incorporating incentives for green foreign direct investment and technology transfers. Addressing non-tariff barriers, such as import quotas and customs procedures, is also crucial. Larger economies like China, Indonesia, Australia, Japan, and South Korea can play pivotal roles in building consensus for this initiative, promoting a just climate transition and mutual economic benefits among member states. Ma Jun, East Asia Forum, March 16
Northeast Asia
Will Trump force Europe into China’s arms? President Donald Trump's actions, including withdrawing support for Ukraine and imposing 25% tariffs on European Union goods, have strained transatlantic relations, prompting Europe to consider closer ties with China. China's perceived influence over Russia has become increasingly significant to Europe, especially after Trump's reduction of support for Ukraine. European countries, facing economic challenges due to U.S. tariffs, find the Chinese market increasingly appealing, with nations like Spain advocating for a reassessment of Europe's stance on China. However, aligning with China carries risks, as Beijing has maintained a dubious neutrality regarding Ukraine, supplying Russia with dual-use items critical to its military. Despite Europe's appeals, China has been reluctant to curb these supplies and its peace initiatives have been viewed skeptically due to vague commitments like "respecting the sovereignty of all nations." Economically, China's overcapacity and industrial ambitions pose challenges to European industries, such as the automotive and renewable energy sectors, leading to increased competition and potential market saturation. While Europe seeks to reduce dependence on the U.S., a pivot towards China requires careful consideration of these economic and strategic complexities. Henry Storey, Lowy Institute, March 17
South Korea Mulls Nuclear Latency. Concerns about U.S. reliability have sparked discussions in South Korea regarding the development of nuclear latency capabilities, such as reprocessing spent nuclear fuel to extract plutonium or enriching uranium. Traditionally, conservative factions advocated for nuclear armament, but now progressive circles are considering nuclear latency as a strategic option. This is influenced by perceived unpredictability in both U.S. foreign policy decisions and North Korea's advancing nuclear program. South Korea's existing 123 agreement with the United States restricts its ability to pursue a full nuclear fuel cycle. Some South Korean officials propose revising this agreement to allow for domestic reprocessing and enrichment capabilities, emulating Japan's model of maintaining potential nuclear capabilities without actual weaponization. This approach aims to improve South Korea's strategic autonomy while remaining within the framework of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Daniel Sneider, Korea Economic Institute of America, March 14
Mongolia looks to third neighbours for energy reform. Mongolia is initiating energy reforms to diversify its energy sources, improve infrastructure, and reduce air pollution. The government has proposed 14 mega-projects requiring support from immediate neighbors, Russia and China, and financial and technical assistance from other nations. Under Prime Minister Oyun-Erdene Luvsannamsrai, the coalition government aligns these reforms with the 'Vision 2050' strategy and the State Policy on Energy 2015–2030; this includes the importance of involving 'third neighbors'—countries beyond Russia and China—in the energy transition. The United Kingdom has approved 11 projects totaling US$460 million, targeting energy transition and other sectors, including improving insulation and energy efficiency in Ulaanbaatar's residential buildings. The European Union, through the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, is funding initiatives to improve grid reliability and support renewable energy generation. Despite these efforts, Mongolia's economy remains heavily reliant on mineral exports, particularly coal, to China. The government aims to attract more investment in renewable energy infrastructure and diversify its economy to mitigate risks associated with overdependence on single markets. Collaborations with countries like India, France, and Australia are underway in sectors such as oil refining, uranium exploration, and mining. However, until the necessary infrastructure is fully operational, Mongolia will continue to depend on coal-based energy. The success of these reforms also hinges on regional stability and the direction of financial flows. Bolor Lkhaajav, East Asia Forum, March 15
North Korea's Efforts to Attain De Facto Nuclear Weapon State Status and ROK-US Response Strategy. North Korea is actively pursuing recognition as a de facto nuclear weapon state (DNWS), aiming to follow the paths of nations like India and Pakistan. Achieving DNWS status involves four key thresholds: developing operational nuclear weapons with reliable delivery systems, establishing survivable second-strike capabilities, demonstrating resilience to international sanctions, and securing gradual diplomatic acknowledgment from major powers. Recent developments indicate North Korea's progress toward these thresholds. The nation has conducted multiple missile tests, including intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), showing its fulfillment of the first requirement. Reports suggest the construction of a nuclear-powered submarine, potentially greatly improving second-strike capabilities. Despite facing extensive international sanctions, North Korea has maintained its nuclear ambitions, indicating resilience to external pressures. Diplomatically, while China continues to advocate for denuclearization, Russia appears to have changed its stance, potentially accepting North Korea's nuclear status. In response, the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the United States must maintain a unified stance on denuclearization and ensure credible extended deterrence measures to address the evolving security threats posed by North Korea's nuclear advancements. Taehyun Kim, 38 North, March 14
China's Campus Propaganda Pipeline. Xi'an Jiaotong University has partnered with the Shaanxi International Communication Center (SICC), a provincial propaganda office, to establish a "talent pipeline" aimed at improving China's global messaging efforts. This collaboration seeks to cultivate professionals skilled in international communication to effectively "tell China's story" on the world stage. The initiative raises concerns about academic independence, as it signifies a deeper integration of educational institutions into state-directed propaganda strategies. The SICC, established in December 2023 under the Shaanxi Radio and Television Group and the provincial CCP propaganda department, has developed a "global communication matrix" targeting Central Asian countries through platforms like Facebook and YouTube, which are inaccessible within China. The partnership includes creating a "dual-purpose base" for talent cultivation and research, involving a "Graduate Collaborative Education Base" with the Shaanxi Broadcasting and Media Group, and launching an "International Communication and External Discourse Innovation Center." These efforts align with President Xi Jinping's directive to "tell China's story well," a broader strategy to expand China's international influence through coordinated propaganda and educational initiatives. David Bandurski, China Media Project, March 14
Two Sessions: China’s Foreign, Economic and Social Policy Priorities for 2025. During the recent 'Two Sessions'—the concurrent meetings of China's National People's Congress (NPC) and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)—Chinese Premier Li Qiang presented the Government Work Report outlining the nation's policy priorities for 2025. Amid escalating trade tensions, China aims to position itself as a stabilizing force globally. Foreign Minister Wang Yi discussed China's commitment to standing "on the right side of history," defending national interests against external pressures. Economically, the focus is on "expanding high-level opening up" and "actively stabilizing foreign trade and investment," with initiatives like the Private Economy Promotion Law and urban renewal projects designed to boost domestic consumption and attract foreign investment. These strategies show China's intent to leverage perceived U.S. instability to improve its global economic standing. Filip Noubel, Dominika Remžová, Chu Yang, China Observers in Central and Eastern Europe, March 17
Southeast Asia
Malaysia's Evolving Monarchy: Adaptation and Expansion Amid Uncertainty. In recent years, Malaysia's monarchy has expanded its influence beyond traditional ceremonial roles, adapting to political and social changes. Sultan Ibrahim of Johor, ascending as the 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong in January 2024, exemplifies this by adopting a more active approach in governance and economic affairs. Historically, the Malaysian Constitution assigns the monarchy a primarily ceremonial role with limited discretionary powers, including appointing the prime minister based on parliamentary advice. The unique rotational system, where the king serves a five-year term selected from the rulers of nine Malay states, has traditionally constrained individual influence. However, political crises, such as the 2020 'Sheraton Move' and the 2022 hung parliament, have seen increased royal intervention to stabilize the government. Sultan Ibrahim's tenure continues this trend, as he has openly criticized political maneuvers that threaten national stability. Beyond politics, Sultan Ibrahim is actively involved in economic initiatives, notably seeking Chinese investment for infrastructure projects, including a high-speed rail link through Johor. His direct engagement in business ventures, such as proposing the rail's border crossing at Forest City—a project with large royal investment—blurs the lines between public duty and private interests. While the monarchy's assertiveness provides continuity amid political uncertainty, it invites greater public and political scrutiny, challenging the institution to balance its expanded role with evolving expectations. Kai Ostwald, Fulcrum, March 17