Asia Daily: April 8, 2025
China
Top China think tank shuts down research centre after questions of party loyalty. The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences closed its public policy research centre amid a campaign to enforce ideological conformity, declaring all future activity under its name illegal. The centre’s projects were reassigned, and affiliated researchers dismissed or returned to prior posts. Former director Zhu Hengpeng was removed in 2024 after allegedly criticizing state policy. The closure aligns with a broader push to prioritize political loyalty over independent research within the academy. Yuanyue Dang, South China Morning Post, April 7
China will 'fight to the end' after Trump threatens to impose more tariffs. China vowed to escalate countermeasures after U.S. President Donald Trump threatened an additional 50 percent tariff on Chinese imports, potentially raising total U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods to 104 percent. Beijing condemned the tariffs as unilateral bullying and declared it would defend its sovereignty and economic interests. The standoff has rattled global markets, while Trump defended the pain as necessary. Chris Megerian, Josh Boak, Christopher Bodeen and Kanis Leung, Associated Press, April 8
Three former senior Chinese officials expelled from CPC over serious violations of discipline and laws. China’s top anti-graft bodies expelled Li Gang, Liu Mancang, and Chen Xiaobo from the Communist Party over severe disciplinary and legal violations. Investigations revealed each had abused their positions for personal gain, accepted large bribes, and disregarded party regulations. Li and Chen, both former anti-corruption officials, were accused of resisting scrutiny and leaking information. Global Times, April 7
Japan
Japan's Ishiba agrees with Trump to continue talks over U.S. tariffs. Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba and U.S. President Donald Trump agreed to keep discussions open on newly imposed U.S. tariffs after Ishiba failed to secure an exemption during a phone call. Trump’s 24 percent tariff on Japanese products, along with existing auto tariffs, threatens Japan’s economy. Ishiba rejected retaliation and emphasized mutual investment as an alternative. Both sides will assign ministers for follow-up talks, with Ishiba indicating a future U.S. visit is possible. Kyodo News, April 7
Japan foreign policy report highlights importance of building ties with Trump. Japan’s 2025 Diplomatic Bluebook stressed the need to strengthen relations with the Trump administration amid tensions over U.S. tariffs on Japanese goods. Presented by Foreign Minister Takeshi Iwaya, the report reaffirmed Tokyo’s commitment to close communication with Washington and addressed key concerns, including North Korea’s military support for Russia and China’s import restrictions on Japanese seafood. The Japan Times, April 8
SDF launches first maritime transport unit for fast response. Japan’s Self-Defense Forces inaugurated their first maritime transport group to strengthen rapid deployment capabilities, particularly to the Nansei Islands amid rising tensions with China over Taiwan. Formally established on March 24, the unit comprises about 100 personnel, primarily from the Ground SDF, and operates from the Kure Base in Hiroshima. Initial operations will use two ships, with plans to expand to 10 by 2027. Mizuki Sato, Daisuke Yajima and Hayashi Yanagawa, The Asahi Shimbun, April 7.
South Korea
Conservative contenders announce presidential bids. Leading South Korean conservatives began declaring presidential runs ahead of the June 3 election, set after former President Yoon Suk Yeol’s removal. Labor Minister Kim Moon-soo resigned and launched his campaign, citing public support and national responsibility. Rep. Ahn Cheol-soo also announced his candidacy, advocating constitutional reform and national unity. Other conservatives, including Han Dong-hoon, Oh Se-hoon, and Hong Joon-pyo, are expected to follow. Jung Min-kyung, The Korea Herald, April 8
DP threatens legal action against acting president's nomination of Constitutional Court justices. South Korea’s Democratic Party warned it may pursue legal action against Acting President Han Duck-soo for nominating two Constitutional Court justices, arguing he lacks the authority following the impeachment of President Yoon Suk Yeol. Han nominated Minister Lee Wan-kyu and High Court Justice Ham Sang-hun, prompting backlash from opposition leaders who deem the appointments illegitimate. Parliament Speaker Woo Won-shik called for withdrawal of the nominations, and the Rebuilding Korea Party demanded Han’s impeachment. Yi Wonju, Yonhap News Agency, April 8
S. Korea to attend ASEAN-plus-3 vice finance ministers' meeting in Malaysia. South Korea will join China, Japan, and ASEAN member states in Kuala Lumpur for a two-day meeting starting Tuesday to discuss regional financial cooperation. Topics include enhancing the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization, a $240 billion currency swap arrangement, and reviewing agenda items for the ASEAN+3 finance ministers’ meeting in May. Deputy Finance Minister Choi Ji-young will lead the South Korean delegation. Oh Seok-min, Yonhap News Agency, April 7
North Korea
N. Korea officially bans American cultural icons: cigarettes, Coca-Cola, and denim. North Korea has formally prohibited the import of American cigarettes, Coca-Cola, and denim products under its 2022 Customs Law Implementation Regulations. While personal possession by foreigners is exempt, the ban reflects an effort to block symbols of U.S. capitalism. The law also restricts materials deemed harmful to state authority or social order, and requires permits for electronic equipment and precious metals. Confiscation, seizure, and detention are outlined as enforcement measures. Mun Dong Hui, Daily NK, April 8
N. Korea removes founder's birthplace name from annual Pyongyang Int'l Marathon. North Korea renamed its annual marathon, dropping “Mangyongdae,” the birthplace of national founder Kim Il-sung, from the event’s title for the first time since 1981. The 2025 edition, now called the Pyongyang International Marathon, also avoided mentioning the “Day of the Sun,” Kim’s April 15 birthday. The marathon resumed after a five-year COVID-19 hiatus, drawing runners from 45 countries. Park Boram, Yonhap News Agency, April 8
Thailand
Entertainment Complex Bill deliberation postponed amid crises. Thailand has delayed parliamentary deliberation of the Entertainment Complex Bill to the next session, citing urgent national issues including earthquake recovery efforts and the U.S. tariff hike. Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra stated the government remains committed to assisting all victims and will address the tariff issue imminently. She emphasized that the bill is not being withdrawn and that stakeholder feedback is still being collected as part of the legislative process. The Nation, April 8
Buddhist, Christian, Islamic groups unite against casino bill. Four major religious groups in Thailand—the Buddhist Association of Thailand, the Wasatiyyah Institute for Peace and Development, the Church of Christ in Thailand, and the Catholic Bishops’ Conference—issued joint statements urging the government to withdraw the Entertainment Complex Bill. They warned that legalizing casinos would lead to social decay, crime, and moral decline. The Nation, April 7
Vietnam
Vietnam and Spain poised to open a new chapter in bilateral cooperation. Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez is making his first official visit to Vietnam from April 8 to 10 to deepen bilateral ties and expand strategic cooperation ahead of the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations in 2027. The visit includes signing agreements on investment, agriculture, diplomacy, and cultural exchange. Both nations aim to collaborate on sustainable development, global governance, and economic initiatives, with a focus on renewable energy and infrastructure. Vietnam News, April 8
U.S. stands as Vietnam's most important export market, but 'by no means the only one': PM. Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh emphasized the importance of diversifying export markets in response to new U.S. tariffs, urging Vietnamese agencies and businesses to enhance international integration and reduce overdependence. He called for utilizing Vietnam's 17 FTAs, supporting innovation, and expanding supply chains and reaffirmed a commitment to macroeconomic stability, sustainable growth, and a strategic foreign policy, aiming for 8% GDP growth in 2025. Vietnam News, April 7
Myanmar
Myanmar junta suspends tourist visas amid ongoing earthquake recovery. Myanmar has halted all tourist visa applications following a 7.7-magnitude earthquake that killed approximately 3,600 people and injured over 5,000. Business visas remain available, but the country is effectively closed to tourists. The government has not indicated when tourist visa processing will resume. Myanmar Now, April 8
Laos
Universities kick-start reform of higher education system. Laos has launched a comprehensive reform of its higher education framework through the EU-funded Erasmus+ REAL project, aimed at installing internal quality assurance and implementing outcomes-based education. The National University of Laos hosted the initiative’s first general meeting with participation from local universities and European partners. Seventeen undergraduate programs across four Lao universities will lead curriculum improvements. Vientiane Times, April 8.
Cambodia
China-built Tonle Bassac Bridge 30% complete, expected to ease Phnom Penh traffic woes. The Tonle Bassac River Bridge in Phnom Penh, constructed by Shanghai Construction Group, has reached 30.95 percent completion. Spanning 1,650 meters, the bridge aims to reduce congestion by up to 80 percent by linking National Road 1 with Hun Sen Boulevard. The $58.8 million project began in February 2024 and is scheduled for completion by August 2027. It is expected to support the city’s expanding transport needs as urban growth continues. Ben Sokhean, Khmer Times, April 8
PM responds to criticism over US tariff issue, defends govt. Prime Minister Hun Manet rejected accusations of government inaction following the US imposition of a 49% reciprocal tariff on Cambodian goods, stating he had worked behind the scenes before formally responding to President Trump. Speaking at the Morodok Techo Overpass inauguration, he said Cambodia reduced tariffs on 85 US products and is prepared for negotiations. He criticized exiled opposition figures for misleading the public and emphasized the government's strategic approach to protect national interests. Torn Vibol, Khmer Times, April 8
Philippines
SC orders Raul Lambino: Explain false info on TRO vs Duterte arrest. The Supreme Court has issued a show cause order against senatorial candidate Raul Lambino for falsely claiming that a temporary restraining order had been issued to stop the arrest of former President Rodrigo Duterte. The High Court clarified no such TRO was granted and said Lambino’s statements misled the public. The misinformation emerged the same day Duterte’s arrest was sought, prompting concern over public confusion. Zacarian Sarao, Philippine Daily Inquirer, April 8
Double Barrel memo key in Duterte case. The 2016 Oplan Double Barrel memorandum signed by then-police chief Ronald Dela Rosa is central to the International Criminal Court’s case against former president Rodrigo Duterte, as it allegedly formalized deadly operations under the drug war. Prosecutors argue vague operational terms and classifications of suspects created a framework for extrajudicial killings. ICC counsel Kristina Conti cited autopsy reports, insider testimonies, and command structures as part of a growing body of evidence. Franco Jose C. Baroña, The Manila Times, April 8
Indonesia
RI to initiate diplomatic efforts regarding U.S. reciprocal tariffs. Indonesia will pursue diplomatic negotiations in response to the United States' 32 percent reciprocal tariff on its goods, rejecting trade retaliation in favor of maintaining bilateral stability. Coordinating Minister for Food Zulkifli Hasan and Economic Affairs Minister Airlangga Hartarto emphasized swift diplomacy, noting Indonesia’s dependence on U.S. soybean imports and the potential tariff impact on labor-intensive export sectors. A formal response is being prepared ahead of the April 9 deadline. ANTARA News, April 8
Singapore
Singapore PM says U.S. universal tariff doesn't look open for negotiation. Prime Minister Lawrence Wong stated that the U.S. 10% universal tariff appears non-negotiable and warned of major economic disruptions for trade-dependent Singapore. While Singapore avoided higher tariffs imposed on other Southeast Asian countries, Wong criticized the move as unfriendly and said it disregards the U.S.–Singapore free trade agreement but ruled out retaliatory tariffs. The U.S. had a $30 billion trade surplus with Singapore in 2024. Jun Yuan Yong, Xinghui Kok and Bing Hong Lok, Reuters, April 8
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan intensifies cooperation with Sierra Leone. Kazakhstan and Sierra Leone signed a roadmap to enhance bilateral ties following a meeting in Astana between Kazakh Foreign Minister Murat Nurtleu and Sierra Leone’s Foreign Minister Timothy Musa Kabba. The discussions focused on expanding collaboration in trade, transport, healthcare, agriculture, and IT. Kazakhstan offered to use the Trans-Caspian route to deliver agricultural goods to African markets and highlighted joint digital projects through Astana Hub. Saniya Sakenova, The Astana Times, April 8
Kazakhstan seeks to simplify Neo Nomad Visa application process. Kazakhstan plans to streamline the application process for its Neo Nomad Visa by enabling online submissions via the visa migration portal. The visa, introduced in late 2024, allows foreign digital nomads to reside in the country for up to one year. Currently, applications must be submitted through Kazakh diplomatic missions. Authorities also aim to increase global awareness of the visa through targeted outreach by the foreign and culture ministries. Nariman Mergalym, Qazinform, April 8
Uzbekistan
President of Uzbekistan meets with leaders of Arab parliaments. President Shavkat Mirziyoyev met with leaders of Arab legislative bodies during the 150th Jubilee Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union to discuss expanding Uzbekistan's cooperation with Arab countries. Strategic partnerships were highlighted with the UAE and Qatar, alongside deepening ties with Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Bahrain, and Oman. Discussions covered investment projects exceeding $50 billion across sectors such as energy, agriculture, and IT. Uzbekistan Daily, April 7
Kyrgyzstan
Campaign to promote Kyrgyzstan for non-permanent UN Security Council seat starts. Kyrgyzstan officially launched its campaign for a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2027–2028 term at a reception in New York hosted by its Permanent Mission to the UN. Foreign Minister Jeenbek Kulubaev outlined priorities including preventive diplomacy, disarmament, and advocacy for developing, mountainous, and small island states. Baktygul Osmonalieva, 24KG, April 8
Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan strengthen trade and economic relations. The Kyrgyz Export Center held meetings in Tashkent on April 7 to promote Kyrgyz products in the Uzbek market, organized by the Trade Mission of Kyrgyzstan. Discussions were held with FOOD CITY’s Kuylyuk market on supply terms and retail space, Master Global Plyus on producing Kyrgyz-branded juices, and MAKRO supermarkets on distributing various goods, including canned vegetables and dairy. Aizada Kutueva, 24KG, April 8
Northeast Asia
Deepseek’s success masks China’s weakening innovation model. China’s recent technological triumphs, such as DeepSeek’s AI chatbot and other standout startups, obscure a declining innovation ecosystem marked by shrinking foreign and private investment. Venture capital fell 32% year-on-year to $33 billion in 2024, now lagging behind Europe, and far behind the U.S. Beijing’s increasing control over strategic sectors has discouraged foreign participation, exemplified by restrictions on U.S. investment and blocked overseas listings like Didi’s. The emergence of new unicorns has slowed, now at just 40% of the U.S. rate. President Xi Jinping has urged more investment in hard sciences, with state-owned enterprises and a new trillion CNY fund stepping in to replace retreating private investors. Yet, state-led capital allocation continues to prioritize political objectives over market efficiency, limiting innovation. Despite government support, companies like DeepSeek have primarily relied on private funding, not state direction. China’s focus on techno-nationalism and expanding state control hampers the environment needed for future tech giants to emerge, raising concerns over the long-term vitality of its startup ecosystem. Jeroen Groenewegen-Lau, MERICS, April 4
After the Verdict: South Korea’s Democracy Endures, but Its Partisan Divides Widen. On April 4, 2025, South Korea's Constitutional Court unanimously upheld the National Assembly's impeachment of President Yoon Suk-yeol, removing him from office due to his December 3, 2024, attempt to impose martial law. This decision is a rebuke of authoritarian overreach through constitutional means. The impeachment has intensified partisan divisions, with Yoon's conservative supporters framing the process as a constitutional crisis and alleging communist sympathies among the opposition. Conversely, anti-Yoon protesters view his martial law declaration as a direct assault on democratic institutions. The ruling mandates a presidential election within 60 days, likely on June 3, 2025, with opposition leader Lee Jae-myung emerging as a frontrunner. This period is critical for South Korea's democratic institutions, as the nation navigates deep ideological divides and prepares for a contentious election. Darcie Draudt-Véjares, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, April 4
Southeast Asia
Governance risks plague Indonesia’s new sovereign wealth fund. Indonesia’s newly launched sovereign wealth fund, Danantara, faces mounting public skepticism due to concerns over transparency, governance, and political interference. Following its inauguration, the Jakarta Composite Index dropped by 7.1 percent amid significant foreign capital outflows. Danantara’s governance structure lacks alignment with international standards like the Santiago Principles, and its leadership includes individuals closely tied to President Prabowo Subianto, raising conflict of interest concerns. Key figures, including CEO Rosan Roeslani and CIO Pandu Patria Sjahrir, hold overlapping roles in government and business, increasing the risk of regulatory capture and corruption. Unlike its predecessor, the Indonesia Investment Authority (INA), Danantara’s risk management and operational transparency remain ill-defined. The fund’s dual role as both investor and operator exposes state-owned banks to heightened financial risks, while its governance regulations largely replicate basic legal texts without substantive oversight mechanisms. Comparisons to Malaysia’s 1MDB scandal show the urgency for independent oversight and institutional accountability. For Danantara to build credibility and public trust, it must implement robust governance frameworks, establish professional leadership free from political ties, and publish clear, transparent risk and investment strategies. Baginda Muda Bangsa and Reyhan Noor, East Asia Forum, April 8
Central Asia
With Successful Summit, the EU and Central Asia Take Tentative Steps Closer. On April 4, 2025, the European Union and the five Central Asian nations—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan—held their inaugural summit in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. This historic meeting aimed to strengthen ties amidst shifting global dynamics, particularly as both regions seek to diversify partnerships beyond traditional alliances with Russia and China. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen emphasized the EU's commitment to viewing Central Asian states as "proud, sovereign nations." The summit followed a trilateral agreement on March 31 among Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, marking progress in resolving longstanding border disputes without external mediation. Discussions during the summit focused on increasing collaboration in trade, energy, and digital connectivity, with both sides recognizing the potential for a mutually beneficial partnership. While the summit did not yield specific agreements, it set the stage for deeper engagement. Joe Luc Barnes, The Diplomat, April 7
Migrant Agriculture Workers: Potential Resource for Southeast Asia’s Food-resilient Future. Southeast Asia faces a critical decline in its agricultural workforce due to aging farmers retiring and younger generations pursuing alternative careers. This trend threatens regional food security, especially amid climate change challenges. Notably, many Southeast Asians migrate abroad for agricultural employment, acquiring valuable skills and contributing significantly to their home countries' economies through remittances. For instance, in 2023, remittances constituted approximately 9% of the Philippines' GDP. To harness this potential, governments should collaborate with host nations to provide climate-resilient farming training to these workers. Upon their return, integrating these skilled individuals into domestic agriculture can improve productivity and sustainability. Policies should focus on facilitating skill development, creating safe remittance channels, and creating incentives for returning migrants to apply their expertise locally. By leveraging the experience of migrant agricultural workers, Southeast Asia can bolster its agricultural sector's resilience and address impending food security challenges. Elyssa Kaur Ludher, FULCRUM, April 8
South Asia
Political Islam could fill Bangladesh’s power vacuum. The collapse of Sheikh Hasina’s 15-year rule has created a political vacuum in Bangladesh, as both the Awami League and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party struggle with diminished credibility and internal discord. Islamic political parties are increasingly occupying this void, leveraging their grassroots presence, religious appeal, and social services to gain support across the country. Groups like Hefazat-e-Islam and parties such as Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami (BJI) and Islami Andolan Bangladesh are reasserting influence, with signs of coalition-building despite theological rifts. While their electoral success has historically remained limited, their rising popularity signals a potential change in political dynamics. This resurgence raises concerns over the erosion of secularism and liberal values, with incidents such as attacks on Sufi shrines and the cancellation of women’s sports events reflecting growing conservative pressure. As the 2025–2026 general election approaches, traditional parties must reconnect with the electorate or risk ceding ground to increasingly organized Islamic forces. Whether this strengthens democratic pluralism or undermines religious neutrality will depend on how effectively these actors navigate ideological divisions and public demands. Molla Mehedi Hasan, East Asia Forum, April 7